Description
Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It was native to the Mediterranean region, but is now widely naturalized elsewhere in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Oregano is a woody perennial plant, growing to 90 cm (35 in) tall, with opposite leaves 1–4 cm long.
Uses
Oregano is extensively used in cooking:
- Mediterranean cuisine: Essential in Greek, Italian, and Spanish dishes
- Pizza and pasta: Classic topping and sauce ingredient
- Meat dishes: Used in marinades and seasoning for lamb, chicken, and beef
- Vegetables: Excellent with tomatoes, zucchini, and eggplant
- Bread and oils: Used in herb breads and flavored oils
- Turkish cuisine: Important herb in Turkish cooking
- Latin cuisine: Common in Mexican and Latin American dishes
Origin
The English word “oregano” is borrowed from Spanish orégano, which derives from Latin orīganum, which itself comes from Classical Greek ὀρίγανον (orī́ganon). Some claim it is a compound Greek term meaning “joy of the mountain,” while others suggest it may be a loanword from Africa.
Characteristics
Oregano is a perennial (though grown as an annual in colder climates). It grows to 90 centimeters tall and 50 cm wide. The leaves are spade-shaped and olive-green. The flowers are purple, pink, or white, 4–7 cm long and grouped in clusters.
Chemical Composition
Oregano contains polyphenols, including numerous flavones. The essential oil is composed primarily of monoterpenoids and monoterpenes, with over 60 different compounds identified. The primary ones are carvacrol and thymol, which contribute to its distinctive flavor and antimicrobial properties.
Related Plants
Oregano is sometimes called wild marjoram, while its close relative O. majorana is known as sweet marjoram. Both are widely used as culinary herbs, especially in Turkish, Greek, Spanish, Italian, Latin, and French cuisine.
Possible Food Allergies
While oregano allergies are relatively uncommon, some individuals may experience reactions:
- Cross-reactivity: People allergic to other members of the Lamiaceae family (basil, mint, thyme, sage) may react to oregano
- Oral allergy syndrome: May cause tingling, itching, or swelling in the mouth
- Contact dermatitis: Direct skin contact may cause rashes in sensitive individuals
- Respiratory reactions: Inhaling oregano essential oil may trigger asthma in sensitive people
- Digestive upset: Large amounts may cause stomach irritation
If you suspect an oregano allergy, consult with a healthcare provider for proper testing and guidance.